Documentation of a multi-topic questionnaire-based survey on sustainable resource use in rural China

This Discussion Paper documents a survey conducted in rural China in 2005. A multi-topic survey funded by the Sino-German international Training Program Sustainable Resource Use in North China, the project covers farm management, land property rights and rural credit access on the North China Plain. From a credit standpoint, this paper covers questionnaire design, sample, survey implementation, data entry, a brief assessment of the overall experience, as well as lessons drawn. -- G E R M A N V E R S I O N: Dieses Diskussionspapier dokumentiert die im ländlichen China im Jahre 2005 durchgeführte Erhebung. Diese ist durch eine Vielzahl von Themen gekennzeichnet und durch das Sino-German International Training Program Sustainable Resource Use in North China in China gefördert. So werden unter anderem Farm-Management, Eigentumsrechte an Land und Verfügbarkeit von Krediten im ländlichen Raum des nordchinesischen Flachlandes betrachtet. Hinsichtlich der Kreditverfügbarkeit wird die Ausgestaltung des Fragebogens, die Stichproben erhebung, die Umfrageimplementierung, der Dateneintrag, die Ausreißer und Fehlwerte betrachtet sowie eine kurze Aussage zu den Erfahrungen und Erkenntnissen gemacht.Questionnaire,Survey,Credit access,Household model,Categorical variables,Stata,Fragebogen,Erhebung,Kreditverfügbarkeit,Datenbearbeitung

Contrasted tectonic styles for the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton. Evidence for a ~2.1 Ga thermal and tectonic event in the Fuping Massif

International audienceStructural analysis along with 40Ar–39Ar and U–Pb datings in the Fuping massif provide new insight into the evolution of the eastern part of the Trans-North China Belt (North China Craton), from 2.7 Ga to 1.8 Ga. D1 is responsible for the development of a dome-and-basin structure coeval with crustal melting giving rise to migmatite and Nanying gneissic granites at 2.1 Ga. This dome-and-basin architecture resulted from the interference between a N–S compression of a weak ductile crust and gravity-driven vertical flow, in a high thermal regime. The next events involved flat lying ductile thrusting (D2) and normal faulting (D3) dated at around 1880 Ma and 1830 Ma, respectively. The D2 and D3 events belong to the Trans-North China Orogeny that results in the final amalgamation of the North China Craton. The D1 deformation is considered as evidence for an earlier orogen developed around 2.1 Ga prior to the Trans-North China Orogeny. The change in the deformation style between the 2.1 Ga and 1.8 Ga could be viewed as a consequence of the cooling of the continental crust in the North China Craton

Major tectonic units of the North China Craton and their Paleoproterozoic assembly

The basement of the North China Craton can be divided into the Eastern and Western Blocks and the Central Zone (Trans-North China Orogen). The West Block formed by the amalgamation of the Ordos Block in the south and the Yinshan Block in the north 1.9-2.0 Ga ago. In 1.8-1.9 Ga, the Eastern and Western Blocks were amalgamated along the Central Zone to form the North China Craton.published_or_final_versio

A silent war, or, The great famine in Kiangpeh

91 pages, A reproduction of certain articles appearing in the North-China Daily News and the North China Herald.https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/moore/1024/thumbnail.jp

The Japanese army in North China : problems of political and economic control, July 1937 to December 1941

This is a study of the problems of occupation. It is not intended as a chronological narrative of Japanese rule over occupied North China. It is, rather, an analysis of the problem of the consolidation of power and control by an occupation army. Although the study is centred on the Japanese military occupation of North China, it is not concerned with the military history of the Japanese Army in North China. Military occupation was simply the initial step of establishing Japanese military dominance in the area under study, while it is the problems of consolidation and control subsequent to military occupation that the present study is concerned with. I do not presume to deal with all the problems consequent upon the Japanese occupation, but aim rather at bringing out some of the major problems of occupation which confronted the Japanese Army in North China, how solutions were attempted, and how the nature of these problems changed with the development of events within and without the North China theatre of war. This study on the problems of political and economic control is therefore an attempt to illustrate the basic nature of the problems with which the Japanese Army in North China had to deal

Contributions of pollutants from North China Plain to surface ozone at the Shangdianzi GAW station

International audienceRegional ozone pollution has become one of the top environmental concerns in China, especially in those economically vibrant and densely populated regions, such as North China region including Beijing. To address this issue, surface ozone and ancillary data over the period 2004?2006 from the Shangdianzi Regional Background Station in north China were analyzed. Due to the suitable location and valley topography of the site, transport of pollutants from the North China Plain was easily observed and quantified according to surface wind directions. Regional (polluted) and natural (clean) background ozone concentrations were obtained by detailed statistic analysis. Contribution of pollutants from North China Plain to surface ozone at SDZ was estimated by comparing ozone concentrations observed under SW wind conditions and that under NE wind conditions. The average daily accumulated ozone contribution was estimated to be 240 ppb·hr. The average regional contributions to surface ozone at SDZ from the North China Plain were 21.8 ppb for the whole year, and 19.2, 28.9, 25.0, and 10.0 ppb for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The strong ozone contribution in summer led to disappearance of the spring ozone maximum phenomenon at SDZ under winds other than from the WNN to E sectors. High winter NOx concentrations in the North China Plain caused negative ozone contribution in winter

China\u27s attempt to muzzle the foreign press; an account of the endeavors of Nanking to suppress the truth about affairs in China

30 pages, A statement regarding the attitude of the Nanking government toward the foreign press, with special references to its action against the North-China Daily News and the North-China Heraldhttps://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/moore/1097/thumbnail.jp

Is the Jurassic (Yanshanian) intraplate tectonics of North China due to westward indentation of the North China block?

International audienceThe northern mountains of Beijing are the type locality of the Mesozoic Yanshanian orogen. Our structural study emphasizes the importance of dextral strike-slip for the formation of this intracontinental belt. The South- and North-directed thrusts are positive flower structures rooted in strike-slip faults. This transpressional tectonics developed from Late Triassic to Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous through three deformation phases coeval with syntectonic sedimentation, separated by two transtensional episodes coeval with magmatism. The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic event is also recognized in several places of North China. Strike-slip faulting controls the deformation of the northern border of the North China block in the Yanshan-Yinshan belt. Simultaneously, East-directed thrusts and folds develop along N-S elongated ranges in Helanshan, Shanxi highlands and Taihangshan. The Jurassic tectonics of the North China Block is interpreted in a unitary way as the result of the westward underthrusting of the North China block below the Alashan block

A polyorogenic model for the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Belt: Insights from an integrated structural, metamorphic and geochronological study.

In the North China Craton, the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Belt (TNCB) is a nearly north-south trending zone, of 1200 km long and 300 km wide, that separates two Archean blocks. Previous tectonic models assumed that the TNCB is the result of a 1850 Ma collision between the two Archean eastern and western blocks with an intervening 2500 Ma magmatic arc

Wildfire evidence from the Middle and Late Permian Hanxing Coalfield, North China Basin

Earth has a long geological history and palaeo-wildfire is one of the key factors which is responsible for the evolution and extinction of our earth systems. The most important extinction of our earth systems is the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the product of wildfire in terms of distribution and occurrences from the Late Permian North China basin. Fourteen rock samples were collected from a drill core of Hanxing Coalfield of North China basin. The samples were analyzed by macro and micro petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to study the evidence of wildfire. Charcoal (inertinite) particles are observed in the samples, which established the occurrences of wildfire during the upper Middle and Late Permian time in North China. Additionally, high-molecular-weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the studied samples which also reinforce the presence of palaeo–wildfire events in the North China basin in Late Permian due to the fact that these aromatic compounds were formed under high temperatures